Compared with the polemical outpourings of the architects, Modernism in landscape architecture was an altogether more tentative affair. Nevertheless, Marc Treib (1993: 36-67), who has conducted an extensive investigation of the movement in America, is prepared to identify an "imperfect, ill-formed and implicit manifesto". This manifesto has six axioms which can be summarised as follows:
A denial of historical styles. Instead landscape expression derives from a rational approach to the conditions created by industrial society, the site and the programme.
A concern for space rather than pattern, deriving a model from contemporary architecture.
Landscapes are for people. Although addressed to a variety of purposes, landscape design ultimately concerns making outdoor places for human use.
The destruction of the axis. The modern landscape, perhaps influenced by cubist space, is multifaceted and omnidirectional.
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